The Week Of Passover

This is a study of the chronological timing of events leading up to the Last Supper and the crucifixion of Jesus during the week of Passover.

Luke 22:1 … "Now the feast of unleavened bread drew nigh, which is called the Passover."

The name "Passover" was given to the feast because the Lord "passed over" the houses of the Israelites with the blood of the Lamb on them without slaying their first-born, while all Egyptians first-born were slain.  Because of this, Pharaoh allowed Moses to lead God's people out of Egyptian bondage.   

During this feast the Jews eat their bread without leaven, in commemoration of the haste in which they left Egypt; so quickly in fact, that they didn't have time to leaven their dough, so they took it and their kneading troughs as they left Egypt.

Exodus 12:34 … "And the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading troughs being bound up in their clothes upon their shoulders."

On the tenth day of the month Nisan, the head of a family separates a lamb or a goat of a year old from the flock, (Exodus 12:1-6) puts it in his house and watches it for 4 days to make sure it was without a blemish, which he then killed on the 14th day. The lamb was commonly believed to have been slain at about 3 p.m. or the ninth hour of daylight.

The slain lamb was roasted whole, with two spits thrust through it - one lengthwise and one transversely - crossing each other near the forelegs, so that the animal was in a manner … crucified.  Not a bone of the lamb was to be broken; making this prescribed ritual a type and shadow representing Jesus, the Passover Lamb slain for us, fulfilling (Psalm 34:20) according to John 19:36 … "For these things were done, that the Scripture should be fulfilled, A bone of him shall not be broken."

When the Roman soldier took a spear and stuck it into the side of Jesus while He was still hanging on the cross ... was that a representation of the spits that were run through the Passover lamb?  Could it also be said that after His death, the act of Jesus going down into Hell itself represent the fire that roasted the lamb in preparation for the Passover meal?

From the 14th to the 21st of the month Nisan, the people ate unleavened bread; hence the celebration was also called "the feast of unleavened bread."  On the evening of the fourteenth day, (Passover) all the leaven or yeast (which represents sin) was removed from the home.  This was a type and shadow to come, representing what Jesus was going to do as our Sacrificial Lamb when He, by taking in His own body all our sin or leaven, removed  past, present and future sin when He died during … "the feast of unleavened bread."

And now the time line …
 
John 12:1-3 … "Jesus, six days before the Passover came to Bethany, where Lazarus was which had been dead, whom he raised from the dead.  There they made him a supper; and Martha served: but Lazarus was one of them that sat at the table with him.  Then took Mary a pound of ointment of spikenard, very costly, and anointed the feet of Jesus, and wiped his feet with her hair …"

Once again Martha served; but sister Mary is always seen at the feet of Jesus, listening to His words, or weeping at the graveside of her brother, and here anointing His feet.  John confirms this act of love took place in Martha's home when he says … "It was that Mary which anointed the Lord with ointment, and wiped his feet with her hair, whose brother Lazarus was sick."  (John 11:2)

Next Jesus leaves Bethany and goes to Jerusalem.  Is it just a remarkable coincidence, that on this very day, the tenth of Nisan, four days before the Passover, Jesus made His entry into Jerusalem?  Could this act represent Israel bringing their lamb, into their house for the four day inspection?  Just as the Passover lamb was inspected for four days … so was Jesus.  No blemishes were found on this lamb, He was perfect.  Even Pilate said, "I find no fault in Him." 

John 12:12-13 … "On the next day much people that were come to the feast, (for Passover) when they heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem, took branches of palm trees, and went forth to meet him …"

Matthew confirms in Chapters 24 & 25 that Jesus was in Jerusalem teaching after leaving Bethany a few days before Passover.

Matthew 26:1-2 … "And it came to pass, when Jesus had finished all these sayings, (His teachings) he said unto his disciples, Ye know that after two days is the feast of the Passover, and the Son of man is betrayed to be crucified."

After coming to Jerusalem, Jesus continued His normal teaching and also cleansed the leaven (sin) from the Temple, (His House) by driving the money changers away, and then two days before Passover, goes back to Bethany.  Matthew 21:17 … "And he left them, and went out of the city into Bethany; and he lodged there."  Here Jesus is anointed a second time, but not in Mary and Martha's house. 

Matthew 26:6-7 … "Now when Jesus was in Bethany, in the house of Simon the leper, there came unto him a woman having an alabaster box of very precious ointment, and poured it on his head, as he sat at meat."  The first anointing by Mary was on His feet six days before Passover; the second anointing was on His head by an unknown woman two days before Passover.

In looking at the time line, (the Last Supper, His arrest, trial and crucifixion) we have one of the most difficult questions of Scriptural chronology … whether the Lord ate the Passover meal one day before the regular Jewish Passover, or at the usual time.
 
Many great authorities hold that He ate it the day preceding, and died on the day of Passover itself, at the same time all the Jewish Passover lambs were slain, the ninth hour, 3:00 p.m., the normal time of the blowing of the Shophar. 

So let's look at this problem …

Mark 14:12 … "And the first day of unleavened bread, when they killed the passover, (Wednesday the 14th) his disciples said unto him, Where wilt thou that we go and prepare that thou mayest eat the passover?"

Both Mark and Matthew say that it was the day of the Passover, (Wednesday the 14th) when His disciples first enquired about preparing for the Passover meal.

Matthew 26:17-20 … "Now the first day of the feast of unleavened bread (Passover) the disciples came to Jesus, saying unto him, Where wilt thou that we prepare for thee to eat the Passover?
And he said, Go into the city (Jerusalem, for as yet, they were in Bethany) to such a man, and say unto him, The Master saith, My time is at hand; I will keep the Passover at thy house with my disciples.
And the disciples did as Jesus had appointed them; and they made ready the Passover.
Now when the even was come, he sat down with the twelve."

Here's the problem.  This could not be … the Last Supper could not have been on the first day of the feast … because Jesus having already eaten His Passover meal with His Disciples, was betrayed, arrested, tried and beaten late on Tuesday night thru early Wednesday morning.  He was then crucified around noon (the sixth hour) and died at 3 p.m. (the ninth hour) and was placed in the tomb on Wednesday evening, the 14th … the day of Passover itself.

With the clarification of the time of the trial in John 19:14 stating … "it was the preparation of the Passover, and about the sixth hour" … meaning around noon, the time in which most Jews were in the process of preparing to kill the paschal lamb later during the ninth hour, as well as Pilate's statement proclaiming to the Jews during the trial of Jesus, "Behold your King!" … we have positive proof that the Lord's Last Supper had to have been eaten the night before the Passover.  

The Scriptural time line would be ... Jesus eats the Passover meal on Tuesday evening … goes to the Garden of Gethsemane and is betrayed, arrested, tried, crucified late Wednesday morning and is quickly placed in the tomb on Wednesday evening, the 14th … Passover itself.  The opinion that the Lord was already betrayed, tried, condemned and crucified before the evening of the Passover itself seems positively accurate.
 
Jesus would had to have died on Passover Wednesday in order to lay three days in the grave, Thursday, Friday and Saturday (the Jewish Sabbath) and then to rise and … leave an empty tomb by Sunday morning … the first day of the week.

I find it interesting that the Jews celebrated the bread that didn't rise ... when Jesus, "The Bread of Life" was going to rise three days later.

So, each Easter we can say ... He is risen.


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